SEMASIOLOGICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VERBS IN ENGLISH, UKRAINIAN, AND SPANISH LANGUAGES

Abstract

The article presents a semasiological and grammatical analysis of verbs in English, Spanish, and Ukrainian. It examines the main grammatical categories of verbs in these three languages, their semantic features, functional roles, valency, and syntactic functions within the sentence. Special attention is paid to typological differences among analytical, inflectional, and agglutinative language structures. The study analyzes tense, aspect, and voice categories in the three languages and identifies both common and divergent features in their usage. Particular focus is given to the expression of aspectuality and transitivity in each language. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of linguistic structures and may be of practical use for philologists, translators, and foreign language instructors. The analysis reveals both shared and distinct features in the system of verbal categories, their grammatical forms, and semantic functions. An attempt is made to identify and describe the semantics and functioning mechanisms of verbs in Ukrainian, English, and Spanish, as well as their lexical correspondences and typological characteristics, which are closely tied to their genesis. The correlation of semantic associations enables the reconstruction and interpretation of specific language pictures of the world, which is crucial for comprehensive foreign language acquisition. The comparison is based on examples from contemporary fiction and spoken language. This research enhances our understanding of the typological properties of verbal systems and serves as a valuable resource for philologists, translators, instructors, and students of linguistic disciplines.